Lyme disease in dogs is a serious but treatable condition caused by the Borrelia burgdorferi bacterium, which is transmitted through the bite of infected ticks—primarily the black-legged or deer tick (Ixodes species). While Lyme disease can affect people, dogs are more susceptible due to their outdoor activities and increased exposure to ticks.
This disease is most common in regions like the Northeast, Midwest, and Pacific Coast, but cases have been reported across the U.S. and in parts of Europe and Asia.
How Lyme Disease is Transmitted
A tick must be attached for at least 24–48 hours to transmit Lyme disease, so early detection and removal are crucial. Dogs who frequent wooded areas, tall grasses, or bushy environments during tick season (spring and fall) are at higher risk.
Common Symptoms of Lyme Disease in Dogs
Not all dogs show signs of Lyme disease, but when symptoms appear, they may include:
- Fever
- Loss of appetite
- Lethargy
- Swollen lymph nodes
- Painful or swollen joints
- Intermittent lameness (limping that may shift from leg to leg)
In more severe cases, Lyme disease can affect the kidneys, nervous system, or heart—sometimes with fatal consequences.
Diagnosing Lyme Disease in Dogs
Veterinarians often start with a physical exam and assess the dog’s history—especially any known tick exposure. If Lyme disease is suspected, the following steps may be taken:
- Antibody Testing: Blood tests can detect antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi, typically 4–6 weeks after infection.
- Additional Lab Work: While standard bloodwork might not directly confirm Lyme disease, it can help rule out other conditions or monitor organ function if symptoms suggest more serious complications.
- Urinalysis: If kidney involvement is suspected, a urine test may help assess protein levels and kidney function.
Treatment Options for Lyme Disease in Dogs
The primary treatment for Lyme disease in dogs is a course of antibiotics, most commonly doxycycline, administered over a 3–4 week period. Other treatment strategies may include:
- Anti-inflammatory medications to reduce joint pain
- Supportive care for complications involving the kidneys, heart, or nervous system
- Follow-up testing to assess treatment response and ongoing infection risks
Most dogs show noticeable improvement within days of starting antibiotics, particularly in resolving joint pain and fever. However, some pets may experience lingering symptoms or require extended treatment.
Can Lyme Disease in Dogs Be Prevented?
Yes—prevention is highly effective and strongly recommended, especially in high-risk areas. Here’s how you can protect your dog:
- Use Veterinary-Recommended Tick Preventives: Monthly topical treatments, collars, or oral medications offer long-lasting protection.
- Check Your Dog for Ticks Daily: Especially after walks or play in grassy or wooded areas. Use fine-point tweezers to safely remove any ticks.
- Vaccination: Lyme disease vaccines are available and may be recommended based on your location and your dog’s lifestyle. Ask your veterinarian if vaccination is appropriate for your pet.
- Keep Yard Tidy: Clear brush, tall grass, and leaf litter to reduce tick habitats around your home.
Your Partner in Tick-Borne Disease Prevention
Whether you’re concerned about Lyme disease in dogs or simply want to discuss preventive care, our veterinary team is here to support you. We provide thorough diagnostics, compassionate care, and expert treatment options tailored to your pet’s individual needs.
📞 Think your dog may have Lyme disease or need tick protection? Call Mainland Animal Emergency Clinic today to schedule an exam and discuss the best prevention plan.
